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Figure 1 | Journal of Molecular Signaling

Figure 1

From: Multiple functions of G protein-coupled receptor kinases

Figure 1

GRKs are involved in cellular signaling that is independent of G protein activation. Biased agonist activates either G protein signaling or GRK/β-arrestin-dependent signaling. Each agonist promotes distinct conformational changes of GPCRs. Unbiased agonists activate both G protein signaling and GRK/β-arrestin-dependent signaling, whereas biased agonists activate either G protein- or GRK/β-arrestin-dependent signaling as shown in bold arrows. Physiological responses mediated by GRK/β-arrestin-dependent signaling are believed to be distinct from those by G protein activation.

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