Figure 3
From: TRAF molecules in cell signaling and in human diseases
TRAFs in signaling by TLRs. (A) TLR3, 7 and 9 signaling pathways. Upon ligand binding in endosomes, TLR3 recruits TRAF3 and TRAF6 via TRIF, while TLR7 and TLR9 recruit TRAF3 and TRAF6 via MyD88-IRAK1. (B) TLR4 signaling pathways. Upon LPS engagement on the plasma membrane, TLR4 recruits TRAF6 and TRAF3 via MyD88-IRAK1. Internalized TLR4 recruits TRAF3 and TRAF6 to endosomes via TRIF. TRAF6 mediates MyD88- and TRIF-induced activation of NF-κB1 and MAPKs, while TRAF3 mediates MyD88- or TRIF-induced activation of IRF-3/7 in signaling by TLRs. In contrast, TRAF1 inhibits TRIF signaling.