Mammalian DA receptor interacting proteins | C. elegans orthologues | ||
---|---|---|---|
Protein | Function [Reference] | Orthologues | Mutant phenotype [Reference] |
Calcium binding protein S100B | Increased D2 receptor stimulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and inhibition of adenylate cyclase [41]. | CNB-1 | cnb-1 mutants show thinner cuticle, decreased brood size and delayed egg laying [43]tax-6 mutants are defective in thermosensation [44]. The specific role of CAL-1 is not known. |
CAL-1 | |||
CNA-1 (TAX-6) | |||
CaM Kinase II | Phosphorylation by CaMKII sensitizes D3 receptor [45]. | UNC-43 | unc-43 mutation lengthens the period of the motor output as well as reduces locomotor activity [46–48]. |
NCS-1 | Desensitization of D2 receptor through calcium sensing [49]. | NCS-1 | ncs-1 knockout animals show deficits in isothermal tracking behavior [50]. |
Arrestin 2 | Desensitization through inhibition of D2 receptor-G-protein interaction [23]. | ARR-1 | arr-1 mutants are defective in olfactory adaptation [51, 52]. |
ER protein Calnexin | Trafficking of D1 and D2 receptors to the cell surface [34]. | CNX-1 | At 25°C cnx-1 mutants show increased lethality, slow growth, and lower brood size [53]. |
Protein 4.1Â N | Cell surface expression and co-localization and stability of D2 receptor subtypes [54]. | FRM-4 | Not known |
FRM-10 | |||
Spinophilin (Neurabin) | Provides scaffold for D2 receptors and relay molecules [42]. | NAB-1 | nab-1 mutants display reduced synapse density and resistance to paralysis on aldicarb [55]. |
Neurofilament M | Regulates D1 cell surface expression, and receptor desensitization [56]. | Not known | Not known |
Filamin- A | Adaptor for linking D2-like receptors with cytoskeletal actin [40, 57]. | FLN-1 | fln-1 mutants have defective spermatheca and reduced brood size [58]. |
Paralemmin | Attenuation of D2 mediated as well as receptor-independent generation of cAMP [59]. | LMN-1 | lmn-1 mutants show major deficits due to abnormal condensation of chromatin, abnormal distribution of nuclear pore complexes and chromosome loss in some cells [60]. |
CLIC6 | Interaction with D2 receptors potentially regulates chloride channel [61]. | EXC-4 | The tubular excretory cell lumen in exc-4 mutants is disrupted by swellings similar to cysts found in tubulocystic kidney disease [62, 63]. |
β-catenin | D2 receptors’ interaction with β-catenin inhibits wnt/calcium signaling pathway [64]. | SYS-1 | sys-4 mutants display gonadogenesis defects [65]. |
NCAM-180 | Internalization of D2 receptors [66]. | NCAM-1 | Not known |
Transient receptor potential channel TRPC1 | D2 interaction enhances TRP1 delivery to cell surface [67]. | TRP-4 | trp-4 mutants are defective in proprioception and mechanosensation [68, 69]. |
GIPC | Attenuates D2 signaling through regulator of G-protein RGS19 [70]. | C35D10.2 | Not known |
Gamma COP | Transport of D2 receptors to neuronal membrane [71]. | T14G10.5 | RNAi knock-down of T14G10.5 causes defects in locomotion and reduced fertility [72]. |
DRiP78 | Transport of D1 receptors from ER to neuronal membrane [35]. | DNJ-5 | Not known |