Figure 4

Further PKC-dependent cell cycle regulation. G_i/o-, G_s- and G_q-family coupled GPCRs can activate PLCβ and PKC activity via Gα or Gβγ subunits. Activated PKC can phosphorylate and activate PKD, leading to the activity of ERK-dependent proliferative pathways. PKC is also able to initiate a series of events that promotes the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. NF-κB activates the promoter regions of cyclin D1 as well as those of p21^Cip1 and p27^Kip1, causing S phase entry or delay. Dashed indicators identify the probable involvement of multiple, unidentified intermediates.